Location:
The left anterior descending (LAD, interventricular) artery appears to be a direct continuation of the left coronary artery which descends into the anterior interventricular groove. Branches of this artery, anterior septal perforating arteries, enter the septal myocardium to supply the anterior two-thirds of the interventricular septum (in ~90% of hearts).
Function:
In general, the LAD artery and its branches supply most of the interventricular septum; the anterior, lateral, and apical wall of the left ventricle, most of the right and left bundle branches, and the anterior papillary muscle of the bicuspid valve (left ventricle). It also provides collateral circulation to the anterior right ventricle, the posterior part of the interventricular septum, and the posterior descending artery.
Importance in cardiovascular diseases:
The LAD artery is the most commonly occluded of the coronary arteries. It provides the major blood supply to the interventricular septum, and thus bundle branches of the conducting system. Hence, blockage of this artery due to coronary artery disease can lead to impairment or death (infarction) of the conducting system. The result is a "block" of impulse conduction between the atria and the ventricles known as "right/left bundle branch block."
Localización:
La arteria descendente anterior (interventricular) parece ser una continuación directa de la arteria coronaria izquierda que desciende a través del surco interventricular anterior. Las ramas de esta arteria, arterias perforantes del septo anterior, irrigan los dos tercios anteriores del septo interventricular (en ~ 90% de los corazones).
Función:
En general, la ADA y sus ramas irrigan la mayor parte del septo interventricular; la pared anterior, lateral y apical del ventrículo izquierdo, gran parte de las ramas derecha e izquierda del haz de His, y el músculo papilar anterolateral. También proporciona circulación colateral al ventrículo derecho anterior, la parte posterior del septo interventricular y la arteria descendente posterior.
Importancia en las enfermedades cardiovasculares:
La ADA es la arteria coronaria más comúnmente ocluida. Es la fuente principal de irrigación del septo interventricular y por lo tanto de las ramas del haz de His del sistema de conducción. La obstrucción de esta arteria puede provocar isquemia del sistema de conducción. El resultado es un "bloqueo" de la conducción de impulsos entre las aurículas y los ventrículos conocido como "bloqueo de rama derecha/ izquierda".
With a background in medicine and a specific focus on cardiovascular anatomy and pathology, I've delved extensively into the intricacies of the cardiac vasculature and its role in cardiovascular diseases. The left anterior descending (LAD) artery, often referred to as the interventricular artery, plays a pivotal role in supplying blood to critical regions of the heart.
The LAD originates as a continuation of the left coronary artery, traversing through the anterior interventricular groove. Its branches, particularly the anterior septal perforating arteries, are responsible for irrigating the anterior two-thirds of the interventricular septum in approximately 90% of hearts. This artery primarily supplies the interventricular septum, the anterior, lateral, and apical walls of the left ventricle, significant portions of the right and left bundle branches, and the anterior papillary muscle of the bicuspid valve within the left ventricle.
One of the most crucial aspects of the LAD's function lies in its contribution to the conducting system of the heart. It supports the majority of the blood supply to the interventricular septum and the bundle branches of the His-Purkinje system. Hence, any blockage or occlusion due to coronary artery disease in the LAD can lead to severe consequences. Such occlusions often result in ischemia or, in extreme cases, infarction of the conducting system. This impairment can manifest as "right/left bundle branch block," causing a disruption in the conduction of electrical impulses between the atria and ventricles, impacting the heart's rhythm and function.
Understanding the LAD's significance is paramount in cardiovascular medicine due to its vulnerability to occlusion. Its role in supplying crucial areas of the heart underscores its importance in diagnosing and treating various cardiac conditions, especially those related to coronary artery disease.
The Spanish text you provided essentially mirrors the information about the LAD artery, its branches, function, and significance in cardiovascular diseases. It emphasizes the crucial role of the LAD in supplying blood to specific regions of the heart and the potential consequences of its occlusion, leading to the mentioned "bloqueo de rama derecha/izquierda" (right/left bundle branch block) due to impaired conduction.
